Thatcher Stood Firm Over Falklands
Updated: 9:44am UK, Friday 28 December 2012
By Alistair Bunkall, Defence Correspondent
Shortly before midnight on May 31, 1982, a phone rang in Downing Street. On the other end was the US President Ronald Reagan.
More than two and a half thousand miles away, on the Falkland Islands, British Forces were preparing for the Battle of Stanley. It would be the decisive fight in the conflict and would ultimately result in a ceasefire and Argentinian surrender just two weeks later, but Mr Reagan was calling to make a last-ditch appeal to broker a truce.
He told his close friend Margaret Thatcher that diplomacy should be given a final chance of success and suggested sending a US-led international peacekeeping force to the islands. Mrs Thatcher was having none of it.
She had not dispatched a British Task Force to the Southern Atlantic to just "hand over the Queen's islands to a contact group" she told the US president. She made it clear to Mr Reagan that too many British lives had been lost and ships sunk to back away now.
The only acceptable solution for Mrs Thatcher was a full Argentinian withdrawal. Nothing less. It was a rare falling out between the two leaders and in part an indication of divided opinion within the Washington administration but Mrs Thatcher made clear to Mr Reagan that without America's help Britain had been forced to go it alone and so Britain would call the shots - negotiation was not an option.
Days later the prime minister wrote a telegram to General Galtieri, the Argentinian leader: "In a few days the British flag will be flying over Port Stanley. In a few days also your eyes and mine will be reading the casualty lists.
"On my side, grief will be tempered by the knowledge that these men died for freedom, justice and the rule of law. And on your side? Only you can answer that question."
The telegram was never sent. Her confident prediction of British victory was correct.
The newly released files, held in secret by the National Archive under the 30-year rule, also reveal that a British air attaché stationed in Brazil, uncovered a plot by Libya to supply arms to Argentina during the conflict. With the help of a source at Recife Airport in Brazil he discovered that Colonel Muammar Gaddafi was using the South American country as a dropping off point to fly weapons into neighbouring Argentina.
At one point, under the cover of darkness, the attaché came within five yards of a Aerolineas Argentinas plane on the tarmac. He reported seeing a nervous and armed crew guarding the plane, and the aircraft's Captain talking with the Argentinian Consul to Brazil.
George Harding, the British Ambassador in Brasilia at the time, warned against taking any direct action for fear of an "immediate and adverse" reaction from Brazil. Instead the Foreign Office leaked the information out through another country in order to publicly embarrass Brazil.
The Falklands conflict tested relations with a number of other countries.
Although publicly grateful for French support, realisation that Argentina was attacking British ships with French-made Exocet missiles strained the Anglo-French friendship to breaking point.
Mrs Thatcher asked President Francois Mitterrand for assurances that no Exocet missiles would fall into Argentinian hands. Mr Mitterand agreed but within days British intelligence had discovered an order from Peru of four Exocet missiles.
Even the French security services agreed with their UK counterparts that the missiles would inevitably end up in Argentina, but Mr Mitterand, who had originally agreed to delay the shipment until the conflict was over, was put under pressure by the Peruvian government. They had told other Latin American countries that France was stalling with the order and agreeing to Britain's demands, thereby threatening all French contracts with countries in the region.
Mrs Thatcher's reaction was close to apoplectic.
"If it became known, as it certainly would, that France was now releasing weapons to Peru that would certainly be passed on to Argentina for use against us, France's ally, this would have a devastating effect on the relationship between our two countries," she wrote in a telegram to Mr Mitterand.
"Indeed, it would have a disastrous effect on the alliance (Nato) as a whole. This is the last thing that either of us would wish. I greatly hope therefore that for the time being you will be able to find some way of keeping these missiles in France."
The threat worked. France informed Peru the delivery would be delayed. The explanation given? "Political reasons".
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