The Space Race: A Timeline
Updated: 1:06pm UK, Friday 12 April 2013
A timeline of the significant dates in space exploration:
July 29, 1955: US announces plan to put satellite in space.
October 4, 1957: Soviet Union launches first satellite, Sputnik.
November 3, 1957: First dog orbits Earth. USSR's Laika died of over-heating within hours.
October 1, 1958: Nasa starts operations, set up by Dwight D Eisenhower in direct response to Sputnik.
April 12, 1961: Victory for USSR as Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man to orbit the Earth.
May 25, 1961: John F Kennedy promises to put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s.
February 20, 1962: Astronaut John Glenn orbits the Earth three times.
September 20, 1963: Mr Kennedy offers to join forces with Nikita Krushchev to work on space exploration but is assassinated before deal can be struck.
June 16, 1963: Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.
March 18, 1965: Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov carries out the first space walk.
August 21, 1965: Astronauts L. Gordon Cooper and Charles Conrad spend a record eight days in space.
November 11, 1966: Buzz Aldrin's five-hour space walk.
January 27, 1967: Crew of Apollo 1 killed by a cabin fire during a ground test.
April 24, 1967: Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov dies when his re-entry chutes fail.
December 21, 1968: Apollo 8 becomes first to orbit moon.
July 20, 1969: Neil Armstrong takes first steps on surface of the moon.
April 19, 1971: Soviets launch first space station, Salyut 1.
November 27, 1971: USSR lands first probe on Mars.
May 14, 1973: US launches its space station Skylab1.
July 15, 1975: First joint US and Soviet Union space mission, effectively marking the end of the Cold War Space Race.
April 12, 1981: Launch of first US Space Shuttle, Colombia.
January 28, 1986: Challenger disaster – seven crew killed when the shuttle breaks up 73 seconds into flight.
February 19, 1986: Russia launches Mir space station
June 1992: George H W Bush and Boris Yeltsin agree to cooperate on space exploration and the Shuttle-Mir programme begins in earnest.
February 3, 1994: First launch in Shuttle-Mir programme.
November 20, 1998: International Space Station launched.
February 1, 2003: Colombia disaster – seven crew killed when shuttle disintegrates on re-entry.
December 4, 2006: Nasa announces permanent moon base to be built by 2024.
April 15, 2010: Barack Obama ends Space Shuttle programme and cancels moon base plan refocusing project on Mars saying astronauts will orbit planet by 2030s.
July 8, 2011: Atlantis is last Space Shuttle flight.
August 31, 2011: Space Shuttle programme ends.
November 11, 2011: Russia's Phobos-Grunt Mars lander launches unsuccessfully, crash-landing back on Earth.
August 6, 2012: Nasa lands Curiosity rover on Mars.
April 12, 2013: Vladimir Putin announces $50bn (£33.8bn) space drive.
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