Two people have been killed in clashes between supporters and opponents of Egypt's ousted President Mohamed Morsi, according to the country's MENA news agency.
The deaths took place in Egypt's second biggest city of Alexandria, with reports that 19 people have also been injured there.
A deeply polarised Egypt was braced for violence ahead of the two mass rallies, called by the army and the Islamists who back Mr Morsi.
Army chief General Abdel Fattah al Sisi summoned Egyptians to the streets in an intended turning point in its confrontation with followers of Mr Morsi, the elected leader the military removed on July 3.
Mr Sisi said he wanted Egyptians to give the military a "mandate" to take the necessary measures against "violence and terrorism".
It comes as the country's state news agency reported Mr Morsi had been detained over accusations he killed soldiers and conspired with the Palestinian group Hamas.
The claims were dismissed as "ridiculous" by his Muslim Brotherhood party, which has been camped out at street vigils calling for his reinstatement.
Rallies in Alexandria turned violent with stones hurled and running battlesAn army official said the military had given the party a Saturday deadline to end its resistance and join a military-set roadmap to fresh elections.
But the Brotherhood says it wants nothing to do with the army's transition plan and has called its own crowds out for counter-demonstrations in a "day to remove the coup".
Mr Morsi has been in military detention at an undisclosed location since he was overthrown.
UN leader Ban Ki-moon has called on the military to free Mr Morsi and other Islamic Brotherhood leaders, said deputy UN spokesman Eduardo del Buey.
Mr Ban also says he "urges all sides to act with maximum restraint" during the demonstrations.
Mr Sisi delivered his call in full military uniform and dark sunglassesBoth the army and the Muslim Brotherhood dramatically escalated rhetoric in the lead-up to the rallies, following a month of clashes in which about 200 people, mainly supporters of Mr Morsi, have died.
The army has threatened to "turn its guns" on those who use violence.
In a Facebook post, the army said it will not "turn its guns against its people, but it will turn them against black violence and terrorism which has no religion or nation".
An army official told Reuters: "We will not initiate any move, but will definitely react harshly against any calls for violence or black terrorism from Brotherhood leaders or their supporters."
The main anti-Morsi youth protest group, which has backed the army, said it would go to the streets to "cleanse Egypt".
Thousands have been holding vigils calling for Mr Morsi's reinstatementThe Muslim Brotherhood accused the army of pushing the nation towards civil war and committing a crime worse than destroying Islam's holiest site.
The Brotherhood also claims the authorities have been stirring up the violence to justify their crackdown.
The rallies are expected to peak after the evening prayer marking the end of the day's Ramadan fast.
Police said they were planning large-scale reinforcements and the Interior Ministry said it would undertake "unprecedented measures to protect citizens and their property".
The head of the army, Mr Sisi, was appointed by Mr Morsi in a bid by the president to rein in Egypt's all-powerful military.
Anti-Morsi protesters with a poster of Mr SisiBut Mr Sisi turned against him after a year in which the Egyptian economy floundered and support for Mr Morsi slumped.
Posters of the general have since appeared in shops and stalls across Cairo.
The US - which has close ties with Egypt's military - said it was "very concerned" by Mr Sisi's call for mass rallies.
After Mr Sisi's comments, the US announced it would suspend a delivery of F-16 warplanes.
The country remains deeply split over Mr Morsi's ousting.
The Brotherhood accuses the army of ejecting a democratically elected leader in a long-planned coup, while its opponents say the army responded to the will of the people.
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